How do I apply for a Schengen visa (e.g., France) from Korea as a non-Korean passport holder?

As a non-Korean passport holder applying for a Schengen visa such as France from Korea, the key is that you must be a legal resident here, normally meaning a valid ARC with enough remaining validity, since you are applying outside your country of citizenship. You apply to the consulate or, more often, the official visa application center of the country that is your main destination (or first entry if equal). For France, applications in Korea go through the designated visa center, where you book an appointment online, complete the Schengen form, and submit in person with biometrics. Typical documents: a passport valid at least three months beyond your stay, your Korean ARC, the completed form, photos, round-trip flight reservation, accommodation proof, travel medical insurance covering at least 30,000 euros, proof of funds such as bank statements, and proof of employment or enrollment in Korea. Processing is usually around 15 calendar days, but apply several weeks ahead. Check the destination country's official visa center site in Korea for the exact checklist, since it varies by country and nationality.