How does trash disposal and recycling work in Korea, and what are the rules I need to follow?

Korea takes waste separation seriously, and getting it right matters since there are fines for doing it wrong. The core rule is that general trash goes in official volume-rate bags called 종량제 봉투, which you buy at convenience stores and supermarkets in various sizes, and the price of the bag is effectively your disposal fee. These bags are specific to your district (구), so buy the ones for where you actually live. Recycling is separated and generally free, with paper, cardboard, plastic, PET bottles, glass, cans, and vinyl film each sorted into their own category, and you should rinse containers and remove labels and caps where asked.

Food waste (음식물 쓰레기) is separate again and goes into designated food-waste bins or special food-waste bags, often paid through a card or per-weight system in apartments. A common trap is that bones, shells, and fruit pits count as general trash, not food waste. In apartments there is usually a fixed collection area with labeled bins and set days, while in houses and villas you put items out at the curb on specific nights, so ask your landlord or neighbors about the local schedule. Large items like furniture need a paid sticker (대형폐기물) arranged through your district office or its website before you set them out. When unsure, your building's management office or the 구청 can confirm the exact rules, which vary a little by district.